| 摘要:随着我国西部山区铁路建设的迅猛发展，以桥梁、隧道、路基为代表的铁路基础设施面临各种地质灾害的威胁，其服役状态直接关系到铁路的安全运营。目前，铁路部门多采用人工测量的形式对基础设施服役状态开展检测，其实时性与环境适应性无法保证。为实现铁路基础设施服役状态实时监测，研发了一种基于433Mhz的无线传感器网络通用数据采集系统。该系统通过μC/OS-Ⅲ操作系统实现多任务处理功能，并且具有无线数据传输、多类型传感器接入能力。系统通过融入自适应卡尔曼滤波算法大幅提高了传感器数据采集精度，并采用外扩SD卡及文件系统实现数据断点续传，确保采集数据不丢失。另外，系统基于自定义协议，采用主被动相结合的形式，实现突发灾害的实时报警。该系统已在国内多条重大铁路干线应用，其运行效果良好。 |
| 关键词: 数据采集、无线通信技术、铁路基础设施监测、灾害实时报警 |
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| Research and application of wireless intelligent data acquisition system for railway infrastructure |
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| Abstract:With the rapid development of the western mountain railway construction in China, the railway infrastructure represented by bridges, tunnels and subgrades is threatened by various geological disasters. At present, most railway departments use manual measurement to test the service state of infrastructure, the real-time and environmental adaptability cannot be guaranteed. In order to realize real-time service state monitoring of railway infrastructure, a universal data acquisition system based on 433Mhz wireless sensor network was developed. This system realizes multitask processing function through μC/OS-Ⅲ operating system, and with capacity of wireless data transmission and multiple sensor access. The system greatly improves the accuracy of sensor data acquisition by integrating adaptive kalman filtering algorithm, external SD card and file system are adopted to realize the breakpoint resume of data, so as to ensure that no data is lost. In addition, based on user-defined protocol, the system adopt active and passive measures to realize the real-time alarm of sudden disasters. The system has been applied in many major railway lines in China , and the running effect is very well. |
| Key words: Data acquisition, wireless communication technology, railway infrastructure monitoring, disaster real-time alarm |